Robust Digital Image Watermarking to Geometrical Attacks based on LPM and 2-D DFT 


Vol. 27,  No. 11, pp. 1029-1039, Nov.  2002


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  Abstract

A digital image watermark is an invisible mark embedded in an image that can be used for copyright protection. This paper proposes a digital image watermarking scheme, which is robust to geometric attacks with cropping, based on the combination of a log-polar map (LPM) using invariant centroid and two-dimensional Fourier transform (2-D DFT). The proposed method uses LPM in the spatial domain for scaling invariance, While translation invariance is provided by the use of an invariant centroid as the origin of LPM, as it is unaffected by geometrical attacks with cropping and waveform attacks. However, since LPM includes the property whereby rotation is transformed into a cyclic shift, 2-D DFT is performed on the LPM image and the magnitude spectrum extracted to provide a domain that is rotation invariant. The resulting domain, Which in invariant to rotation, scaling, and translation, is then used as the watermark-embedding domain.To prevent the watermarked image from degrading due to the coordinate system conversion, only LPM image of watermark signal is inverse mapped to cartesian coordinates and add to the original image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is robust to geometrical attacks with cropping and waveform attacks.

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  Cite this article

[IEEE Style]

B. Kim, J. Choi, K. You, W. Kim, C. Koh, J. Choi, K. Park, "Robust Digital Image Watermarking to Geometrical Attacks based on LPM and 2-D DFT," The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 1029-1039, 2002. DOI: .

[ACM Style]

Bum-Soo Kim, Jae-Gark Choi, Kwang-Hoon You, Woo-Seob Kim, Chang-Rim Koh, Jong-Uk Choi, and Kil-Houm Park. 2002. Robust Digital Image Watermarking to Geometrical Attacks based on LPM and 2-D DFT. The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences, 27, 11, (2002), 1029-1039. DOI: .

[KICS Style]

Bum-Soo Kim, Jae-Gark Choi, Kwang-Hoon You, Woo-Seob Kim, Chang-Rim Koh, Jong-Uk Choi, Kil-Houm Park, "Robust Digital Image Watermarking to Geometrical Attacks based on LPM and 2-D DFT," The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 1029-1039, 11. 2002.

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pISSN : 1226 - 4717
eISSN : 2287 - 3880