A Survey of Time Synchronization Techniques in Underwater Acoustic Networks 


Vol. 39,  No. 3, pp. 264-274, Mar.  2014


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  Abstract

Time synchronization becomes a critical issue in underwater acoustic networks (UANets) because nodes cooperate together or individually work by communicating each other in diverse underwater applications. Compared with the time synchronization approaches in terrestrial networks, several intrinsic limitations of UANets (e.g., the unavailability of GPS, long propagation delay, mobility due to currents, limited energy consumption, or low data rate) need to be considered in synchronizing the timing among underwater nodes. For the purpose of developing more efficient time synchronization protocols for UANets, we review the existing approaches, which estimate both the clock offset and the clock skew of underwater nodes. Finally, we outline the state-of-the art time synchronization protocols for UANets by comparing and summarizing them according to their synchronization characteristics.

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  Cite this article

[IEEE Style]

A. Cho, C. Yun, Y. Lim, "A Survey of Time Synchronization Techniques in Underwater Acoustic Networks," The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 264-274, 2014. DOI: .

[ACM Style]

A-ra Cho, Changho Yun, and Yong-kon Lim. 2014. A Survey of Time Synchronization Techniques in Underwater Acoustic Networks. The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences, 39, 3, (2014), 264-274. DOI: .

[KICS Style]

A-ra Cho, Changho Yun, Yong-kon Lim, "A Survey of Time Synchronization Techniques in Underwater Acoustic Networks," The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 264-274, 3. 2014.

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pISSN : 1226 - 4717
eISSN : 2287 - 3880