Unveiling Kubernetes CNI: An In-Depth Analysis of Networking Performance and Resource Efficiency 


Vol. 50,  No. 7, pp. 1085-1099, Jul.  2025
10.7840/kics.2025.50.7.1085


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  Abstract

Kubernetes relies heavily on its networking performance. It offers four representative networking plugins: Flannel, Calico, Cilium, and Kube-router. However, their performance differences are not well understood. This study evaluates these plugins using real-world workloads like Memcached, Nginx and Kafka, examining throughput, latency, and CPU usage in 10 GbE and 100 GbE environments. Results reveal significant performance differences due to each plugin’s architecture. Kube-router excels in CPU- and network-intensive scenarios but complicates network management. Among overlay plugins Flannel performs best in CPU-intensive tasks, while Cilium is superior for network-intensive tasks. This analysis provides insights for selecting suitable plugin based on workload characteristics.

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  Cite this article

[IEEE Style]

W. Choi, J. Ahn, Y. Yoo, Z. Niu, G. Yang, C. Yoo, "Unveiling Kubernetes CNI: An In-Depth Analysis of Networking Performance and Resource Efficiency," The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences, vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 1085-1099, 2025. DOI: 10.7840/kics.2025.50.7.1085.

[ACM Style]

Wonmi Choi, Juyoung Ahn, Yeonho Yoo, Zhixiong Niu, Gyeongsik Yang, and Chuck Yoo. 2025. Unveiling Kubernetes CNI: An In-Depth Analysis of Networking Performance and Resource Efficiency. The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences, 50, 7, (2025), 1085-1099. DOI: 10.7840/kics.2025.50.7.1085.

[KICS Style]

Wonmi Choi, Juyoung Ahn, Yeonho Yoo, Zhixiong Niu, Gyeongsik Yang, Chuck Yoo, "Unveiling Kubernetes CNI: An In-Depth Analysis of Networking Performance and Resource Efficiency," The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences, vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 1085-1099, 7. 2025. (https://doi.org/10.7840/kics.2025.50.7.1085)
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pISSN : 1226 - 4717
eISSN : 2287 - 3880