Performance Analysis of Handover Triggering Schemes in Base Station Based Underwater Acoustic Networks 


Vol. 51,  No. 2, pp. 460-474, Feb.  2026
10.7840/kics.2026.51.2.460


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  Abstract

In base station-based underwater acoustic networks (B-UANs), efficient handover techniques are necessary to ensure seamless communication between autonomous underwater vehicles and buoy-based base stations. This paper proposes an adequate handover triggering scheme for B-UANs by considering the unique characteristics of underwater acoustic communication environments. Accordingly, three triggering approaches are designed: Unconditional Triggering (UT), Window-based UT (WUT), and Window-based Conditional Triggering (WCT). The performance of three triggering schemes is comparatively analyzed in the aspect of handover success probability (HSP), handover delay ratio (HDR), and handover overhead ratio (HOR). The performance evaluation is executed via mathematical modeling and simulations under various overlapping region configurations and sea state conditions. Simulation results reveal that UT achieves the best performance in terms of HSP and HDR at the expense of the highest HOR due to excessive handover attempts. On the contrary, WCT significantly reduces HOR by initiating triggering only when the triggering conditions are satisfied. However, WCT tends to lower HSP while increasing HDR. WUT, exhibiting intermediate characteristics between UT and WCT, provides balanced performance across the three performance metrics. These results demonstrate that a clear trade-off exists among communication reliability, energy efficiency, and resource utilization when selecting handover triggering schemes in B-UANs. Therefore, a balance between network resource efficiency and handover success rate can be achieved by selectively applying UT/WUT and WCT according to the channel condition.

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[IEEE Style]

C. Yun, "Performance Analysis of Handover Triggering Schemes in Base Station Based Underwater Acoustic Networks," The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 460-474, 2026. DOI: 10.7840/kics.2026.51.2.460.

[ACM Style]

Changho Yun. 2026. Performance Analysis of Handover Triggering Schemes in Base Station Based Underwater Acoustic Networks. The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences, 51, 2, (2026), 460-474. DOI: 10.7840/kics.2026.51.2.460.

[KICS Style]

Changho Yun, "Performance Analysis of Handover Triggering Schemes in Base Station Based Underwater Acoustic Networks," The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 460-474, 2. 2026. (https://doi.org/10.7840/kics.2026.51.2.460)
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pISSN : 1226 - 4717
eISSN : 2287 - 3880